Diabetes

 

Diabetes Type I

 

Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disease immune - self-immune diseases are illnesses that occur when the body's immune system, which is his job to fight infection and contamination, against one part of the body works.

When diabetes, the pancreas, and destroy them. As a result, the pancreas produces very little insulin, or it may not produce insulin at all. Therefore, it is the duty of the person with type I diabetes to receive insulin daily, throughout his life.

T now, scientists do not know what is the exact reason why the body's immune system attacks the beta cells, but they believe that the causative factors for this disease include: autoimmune, genetics, environmental factors, in addition to the possible involvement of some types of viruses. Constitutes patients with diabetes type I is about 5-10 percent of the total diabetic patients in the United States. Most often, begins the first type of diabetes development in children and young people, but it may appear at any age stage. Usually, symptoms of diabetes type I disease appear, in a short period of time. This despite the fact that the destruction of beta begins before the onset of symptoms, sometimes several years cells. These symptoms include: extreme thirst, frequent urination, constant hunger, weight loss, blurred vision, extreme fatigue. If there is no diagnosis of diabetes type I and treatment, the patient enters into a state of coma, could lead to his death. This phenomenon is known as diabetic ketoacidosis Type II diabetes The second type of diabetes, the most common types of diabetes among people, which occupies a ratio ranging between 90 and 95 percent of the total patients with diabetes. This type of diabetes is associated with, usually, the progress of age, obesity, genetics and medical history of the family with the disease, the medical record Profile (cases of gestational diabetes, for example), physical inactivity, and ethnicity. Nearly 80 percent of patients with type II diabetes are overweight. Characterized by patients who suffer from diabetes type II pancreas to produce sufficient amount of insulin, but the body - but poorly understood reasons - not be able to use insulin effectively and benefit from it. This condition is known as "insulin resistance." After several years, insulin production decreases, the patient becomes similar situation to that of patients with diabetes type I, as it accumulates in the blood glucose the body can not use its own self-energy source (glucose) effectively. Symptoms begin with type II diabetes to emerge and develop gradually disease. It does not occur suddenly, such as diabetes type I disease. These symptoms include: fatigue, nausea, frequent urination, abnormal thirst, weight loss, blurred vision, frequent infections and slow down the healing of injuries and wounds. But in some patients, symptoms do not appear at all. Gestational Diabetes Women infected with gestational diabetes during pregnancy only period. As is the case for diabetes type II, this type of diabetes is the most common type of diabetes prevalent among women of assets Afro - American, Indian - American, Latin American, as well as among women with a family history that has seen diabetes injuries. Women who have contracted gestational diabetes are exposed, by between 20 to 50 percent of the risk of developing Type II diabetes within 5 to 10 years. Who gets diabetes? Diabetes is not a contagious disease, which can not be transmitted from one person to another. But there are many factors that would increase the likelihood of developing diabetes. Diabetes affects of the first type of men and women in the same proportion disease. As for type II diabetes, it is most prevalent among the elderly, especially those who are overweight.

Diagnosis of back pain

Often there is no need to conduct a comprehensive medical tests to diagnose the cause of back pain. However, in the event of direct you to receive medical advice about back pain, bone specialist doctor will examine your back and assess your ability to sit, stand, walk and lift your legs. The physician will, too, examines reflexes by Reflex hammer made of rubber. Shan assessment of these tests to determine the source of back pain, and the extent of your ability to move without feeling the suffering or pain does suffer from spasms in the muscles. All of these things help to exclude serious medical conditions that could make you feel back pain. In case of doubt the existence of other reasons Corum cancerous, break, infection or any other medical condition, that would lead to back pain, is likely to ask you doctor conducting tests over an extended series, which include: X-ray. These pictures can show bone building and disclosure of arthritis or broken bones. Magnetic resonance imaging - or computed tomography (class) computerized -, this type of tests or images can detect the emergence of tablets or spinal problems, bone, muscle, tissue, tendons, nerves, ligaments or blood vessels. Bone scan. Tests nerves (electrical layout of the muscles

Prevention of back pain

In order to maintain a healthy and strong afternoon we recommend the following: A sports organization exercises. Building muscle mass and soften. Stop smoking. Maintain a healthy weight. Move the body properly, including: Stand correctly. Make sure that the status of the pelvis neutral. Sit properly. Be sure to choose a chair with the support of the lower section of your back, provider Psonad to the hands and moving base. Healthy lifestyle, attendance to move your feet. You can prevent back pain by improving your fitness and learn to exercise proper physical movements. Alternative Therapies Most people go for manual treatments to alleviate back pain from which they suffer, among therapies used to treat back pain: Treatments to straighten the spine Chinese acupuncture Massage andand

The treatment of back pain

For the treatment of back pain is likely that your doctor prescribes a medication without steroids or drugs to treat inflammation, or in certain cases, medication to relax the muscles, in order to ease the pain of back light and even the mother middle back and back pain that does not improve eating anti-aches that can be acquired without the need prescription. Possible eating narcotic drugs for a short period of time, such as codeine, but only under medical supervision.

In the majority of cases can cure back pain at the time of no more than several weeks, with the help of a simple, self-treatments can be performed at home and take care of your situation adequately. It could be a sedative medication for back pain, which does not need to get a prescription for the acquisition, are all you need to relieve back pain.

Rest for a short period of bed could help you, but lie down for more than two days could hurt you instead of help you. In the absence of effective back pain treatment, it is the home doctor can prescribe you medicines more effective or other treatments. Such as physiotherapy (physical therapy), or physical exercise.

  Injection - in the absence of other means success in relieving back pain and pain transmission towards the legs, the doctor may Bhaknk cortisone injection and this is used against inflammation, and is discharged in the space around the spinal column (benchtop into the dura mater -

Surgery - only a few people need to resolve surgery for back pain. There are no surgical solution effective for back pain, which are a result of problems in the muscles and soft tissue backstabbing. Surgical solution can be put in general only if the mother brought back from the emergence of the vertebral disc
  If your back pain caused by Advanced Muscle weakness or as a result of pressure on a nerve in the back, can the surgery to be helpful.

Types of surgeries that are used for the treatment of back pain include:

- Spinal fusion
- Vertebral disc replacement

- The eradication of partial spinal disc

Diseases in the field of alternative medicine

 Back pain

 The complaint of back pain is so common. The back pain, the most common reason to go for medical treatment and absence from work. The encouraging news is that it is possible to avoid the majority of types of back pain in the event attempts to avoid back pain failed, the simple treatment can be done from home, in addition to ensuring the body to activate properly, would the mother dealt with back in a few weeks, only to return back to his healthy for a long period of time. The recourse to resolve surgical back pain is so rare.

Read more in Medicine Web site: back pain, the causes of back pain, back pain treatment

 The back is a composite building consists of bones, muscles, ligaments and Uttar vertebrae is a round shape made of cartilage lining material - which are used to curb concussions between the spinal vertebrae. The causes of back pain and many that can occur in any of the different vehicles back. Sometimes you can not determine the cause of back pain in some patients.

Muscle tension:

In most cases the causes of back pain are caused by tension (pulling) the muscles and ligaments, due to lift heavy weight incorrectly, or the result of a sudden movement is incorrect.

Sometimes that can cause muscle cramps back pain.

Problems in the back building:

In certain cases, the causes of back pain back to back problems the same building, including:

Prominent paragraph or torn. Valagheras intervertebral used as a brake between the spinal vertebrae. It can, sometimes that gunk located moving inside vertebral disc cover, and stand out from its place, or rupture disk, leading to pressure on a particular nerve. Although, most people who suffer from a prominent vertebral disc or torn do not suffer any pain as a result of this situation.

Sciatica
In the case of the spinal disc prominent or torn by clicking on one of the main nerves in the back area, can be caused by the pressure that moves toward the man and causing the sweat of women, the pain is very severe pain, causing tingling, starting from the back of the man and along the back side of the leg.

Arthritis
The most susceptible to arthritis as a result of disease osteoarthritis are: pelvis, hands, knees and the lower section of the back. In certain cases can arthrosis bone in the spine that leads to narrowing of the area surrounding the spine, and this situation is called the language of medicine "narrowing backbone"

Abnormalities in the skeleton building:

It is possible that the back pain appear in the event of a curvature is intact in the spine. If these bends become a matter of exaggerated, it is likely that the upper part of the back of shows like Thdba more than usual, and the lower section of the back looks like Tqara more than usual. Scoliosis is a medical condition in which the spine curved lateral direction and this phenomenon can lead to back pain.

Osteoporosis
It is possible that the stress fractures of vertebrae in the spine appear in the case of osteoporosis and the presence of gaps inside.

Relatively rare but serious phenomena:

Symptoms of cauda equina a cancerous tumor in the spine

Infection of the spine

Factors can increase the possibility of exposure to back pain, in the lumbar region:

- Smoking

- An increase in weight

- Advanced Generation

- Female

- Exert physical effort at work

- Sitting at work

- Work under penalty of great pressure

- Depression

 

كيف تعمل الثلاجة؟ ?How the refrigerator work

Refrigerator

 

الغرض من الثلاجة

إذا يتضح لنا أن الهدف من الثلاجة هو منع البكتيريا من ممارسة نشاطها في موادنا الغذائية فنتمتع بها إلى اكبر فترة ممكنة بالاضافة الى مذاق بعض الاطعمة التي لا يمكن تناولاها الا وهي باردة مثل المشروبات.

  

الفكرة الاساسية

إن الفكرة الأساسية التي تعتمد عليها فكرة عمل الثلاجة هي ببساطة تحويل سائل إلى غاز عن طريق امتصاص حرارة من الوسط فيسبب في برودته، ولتوضيح هذه الفكرة دعنا نذكرك عزيزي القارئ عندما تضع الماء على وجهك في يوم حار تشعر بعد ذلك ببرودة نتيجة لتبخر الماء وتحوله إلى بخار عن طريق امتصاص الحرارة من الجلد فتشعر بالبرودة كما أنك اذا ما قمت بوضع بعض قطرات من الكحول على يدك وانتظر لمدة 20-30 ثانية فستشعر ببرودة في يدك عند المنطقة التي كان عليه الكحول وستكون البرودة اكثر من تلك التي سببها الماء لأن درجة حرارة التبخر الكحول أقل من الماء، والسبب في ذلك ان الكحول يمتص حرارة من يدك ليتبخر ويتحول الى غاز.

إذا نستنتج من ذلك بأن عملية التحول من الحالة السائلة إلى الحالة الغازية تحتاج إلى حرارة وهذه الحرارة توفرت من خلال يدك وكانت النتيجة انخفاض في درجة حرارة اليد واذا استمرت عملية التحول من سائل إلى غاز استمر التبريد.

إن السائل أو المبرد refrigerant الذي يستخدم في الثلاجة يتبخر عند درجة حرارة منخفضة مما يسبب التجمد في داخل الثلاجة ولو صدف وان قمت وضع السائل المستخدم في الثلاجة على يدك ستشعر بتجمد الجلد اثناء تبخر هذا السائل.

أجزاء الثلاجة

 

دورة عمل الثلاجة

تقوم الثلاجة بالتبريد بصفة مستمرة لمحتوياتها الداخلية من خلال تكرار عملية تحويل السائل إلى غاز داخل الثلاجة فتأخذ حرارة من داخل الثلاجة وتكون النتيجة تبريد محتوياتها وتحويل الغاز إلى سائل خارج الثلاجة عن طريق ضغطه وتبديد الحرارة إلى خارج الثلاجة وتتكر العميلة باستمرار لسحب الحرارة من داخل الثلاجة حيث درجة الحرارة منخفضة نسبية إلى خارج الثلاجة حيث درجة الحرارة مرتفعة ولكي تؤدي الثلاجة هذه الوظيفة فإن لها دورة تعمل من خلال عدة مراحل هي على النحو التالي:

(1) يقوم الموتور Compressor بضغط غاز الأمونيا مما يرفع درجة حرارته وضغطه كما هو موضح في الشكل أعلاه الجزء (B) على الشكل وبالتالي فإن أنابيب التبادل الحراري الخارجية تسمح بتبديد الحرارة الناتج عن الضغط إلى الخارج.

(2) عند تلك المرحلة وخلال فقدان الحرارة للوسط الخارجي من خلال الأنابيب السوداء التي تكون خلف الثلاجة، فإن غاز الامونيا يتكثف في الجزء الباقي من أنابيب التبادل الحراري الخارجية ويتحول إلى سائل ليمر عبر صمام التمدد الموضح في الشكل بالرمز (C).

(3) يعمل صمام التمدد على الفصل بين منطقتين مختلفتين في الضغط وعند مرور سائل الأمونيا من خلال صمام التمدد فإنه ينتقل من منطقة ضغط مرتفع إلى منطقة ضغط منخفض فيتمدد ويتبخر سائل الأمونيا ويتحول إلى غاز مرة أخرى عن طريق امتصاص الحرارة من الوسط الداخلي للثلاجة وتنخفض درجة الحرارة بها.

(4) يمرر غاز الأمونيا عبر انابيب التبادل الحراري الداخلية والتي تكون على شكل التفافي لتغطي اكبر مساحة ممكنة وتعطي الفرصة لامتصاص اكبر قدر ممكن من الحرارة من داخل الثلاجة لتبقى باردة إلى أن يصل غاز الأمونيا إلى الموتور الذي يقوم بضغط الغاز مرة أخرى ويحوله إلى سائل عند النقط (B) وتتكرر العملية.

ثلاجات غاز البروبان

في الحالات التي لا تتوفر فيها مصدراً للتيار الكهربي فإنه يمكنك استخدام ثلاجة غاز البروبان التي لا تعمل بالكهرباء. هذه النوع من الثلاجات لا يوجد به اجزاء متحركة ويستخدم غاز البروبان كمصدر للطاقة الحرارية  لتنتج عنه البرودة.  هذه الثلاجات تستخدم الامونيا كمادة مبردة وتستخدم ايضا الماء لدورة التبريد، وتتكون أجزاء ثلاجة البروبان من خمسة أجزاء هي

• المولد Generator لتوليد غاز الأمونيا
• الفاصل Separator لفصل غاز الأمونيا عن الماء
• المكثف Condenser لتحويل غاز الامونيا الساخن إلى سائل
• المبخر Evaporator لتبخير سائل الامونيا وتحويله إلى غاز وينتج عن ذلك برودة
• الماص Absorber يقوم بامتصاص غاز الامونيا من الماء

وتعمل دورة ثلاجة غاز البروبان على النحو التالي:

(1)    يتم احتراق لغاز البروبان فتتولد حرارة داخل المولد Generator.

(2)    يوجد داخل المولد خليط مكون من محلول الماء والامونيا فترتفع درجة حرارة المحلول داخل المولد نتيجة لاحتراق البروبان وتصل درجة الحرارة إلى درجة الغليان للأمونيا.

(3)    يمر المحلول إلى الفاصل Separator حيث يتم فصل الأمونيا عن الماء.

(4)    تتدفق الامونيا بعد فصلها إلى الاعلى حيث المكثف Condenser المكون من الواح رقيقة من المعدن لتفقد الامونيا حرارتها بالتكثيف ويتحول الى سائل.

(5)    يصل سائل الأمونيا إلى إلى المبخر Evaporator حيث يختلط مع غاز الهيدروجين ويتبخر مما ينتج عنه انخفاض في درجة الحرارة داخل الثلاجة.

(6)    يتدفق في هذه المرحلة كلا من الامونيا والهيدروجين إلى الماص absorber وهنا يختلط الماء مع الامونيا والهيدروجين.

(7)    تشكل الامونيا مع الماء محلول ويتحرر الهيدروجين ويعود إلى المبخر بينما يتدفق كلا من الامونيا والماء إلى المولد مرة أخرى لاتعيد الدورة نفسها.

ولمزيد من المعلومات عن دورة عمل هذا النوع من الثلاجات يرجى الاطلاع على الموقع التالي

http://www.nh3tech.org/absorption.html

 

 

How Does a Refrigerator Work?

In the refrigeration cycle, there are five basic components: fluid refrigerant; a compressor, which controls the flow of refrigerant; the condenser coils (on the outside of the fridge); the evaporator coils (on the inside of the fridge); and something called an expansion device. Here’s how they interact to cool your food.

By

• Nicole Sforza

Kate Francis/Brown Bird Design

1. The compressor constricts the refrigerant vapor, raising its pressure, and pushes it into the coils on the outside of the refrigerator.

2. When the hot gas in the coils meets the cooler air temperature of the kitchen, it becomes a liquid.

3. Now in liquid form at high pressure, the refrigerant cools down as it flows into the coils inside the freezer and the fridge.

4. The refrigerant absorbs the heat inside the fridge, cooling down the air.

5. Last, the refrigerant evaporates to a gas, then flows back to the compressor, where the cycle starts all over.

Why is Learning Important

Education is my passion. Britain is full of talented people. I believe that each young person has talent and potential. Each some gift to develop. Each something to give to the good of the community."

Learning brings more happiness than having sex, playing or watching sport or doing the National Lottery.

During the last century we have moved from the Industrial Age through the Information Age to the Knowledge Age. The ability to obtain, assimilate and apply the right knowledge effectively, will become a key skill in the next century. Our ability will no longer be judged solely by qualifications gained in the past, but will also be assessed by our capacity to learn and adapt in the future.

Learning isn't just about economic success, however. It is the key to achieving our full potential. Human beings are uniquely adapted to learn and we have the ability to do so throughout our lives.

None of us learns in isolation. There are a whole range of factors that can help or hinder us in learning. They include factors within each of us - such as our motivation and our preferred learning styles - as well as external factors - such as the opportunities that exist for us to learn and the other demands that life makes on our time and resources.  

For example, in terms of environments, it is acknowledged that we learn best in a high-challenge, low-threat environment. Much thinking has gone into how that environment can be created. Often it is an individual teacher's enthusiasm and ability that influences how we learn. Most of us remember a good teacher or a strong role model from when we were young; someone who got us excited about their subject by teaching us in an interesting way. 

Equally, many barriers to learning exist which prevent people from getting started on learning or make it impossible to continue however strong that person's determination. Some of the most commonly recognised barriers to people's learning include: